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      <h1 id="Netty-01-BIO实战及原理"><a href="#Netty-01-BIO实战及原理" class="headerlink" title="Netty-01-BIO实战及原理"></a>Netty-01-BIO实战及原理</h1><h2 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h2><p><strong>参考书籍：</strong></p>
<p><img src="http://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20201002/105929076.png" alt="mark"></p>
<ul>
<li>Netty权威指南 以5.x版本编写，建议还是以Netty in action为主</li>
</ul>
<a id="more"></a>



<h2 id="1-Netty-介绍和应用场景"><a href="#1-Netty-介绍和应用场景" class="headerlink" title="1. Netty 介绍和应用场景"></a>1. Netty 介绍和应用场景</h2><ol>
<li><code>Netty</code>是由<code>JBOSS</code>提供的一个<code>Java</code>开源框架，现为<code>Github</code>上的独立项目</li>
<li><code>Netty</code>是一个异步的、基于事件驱动的网络应用框架，用以快速开发高性能、高可靠性的网络<code>IO</code>程序</li>
<li><code>Netty</code>主要针对在<code>TCP</code>协议下，面向<code>Clients</code>端的高并发应用，或者<code>Peer-to-Peer</code>场景下的大量数据持续传输的应用。</li>
<li><code>Netty</code>本质是一个<code>NIO</code>框架，适用于服务器通讯相关的多种应用场景</li>
<li>要透彻理解<code>Netty</code> ， 需要先学习 <code>NIO</code> ， 这样我们才能阅读 <code>Netty</code> 的源码。</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>应用场景：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>互联网行业<ul>
<li>分布式系统中，各个节点之间需要远程服务调用，高性能的<code>RPC</code>框架必不可少，<code>Netty</code>作为异步高性能的通信框架，往往作为基础通信组件被这些<code>RPC</code>框架使用</li>
<li>典型的应用有：阿里分布式服务框架<code>Dubbo</code>的<code>RPC</code>框架使用<code>Dubbo</code>协议进行节点间通信，<code>Dubbo</code>协议进行节点间通信，<code>Dubbo</code>协议默认使用<code>Netty</code>作为基础通信组件，用于实现各进程节点之间的内部通信</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>游戏行业<ul>
<li>无论是手游服务端还是大型的网络游戏，<code>Java</code> 语言得到了越来越广泛的应用</li>
<li><code>Netty</code> 作为高性能的基础通信组件，提供了 <code>TCP/UDP</code> 和 <code>HTTP</code> 协议栈，方便定制和开发私有协议栈，账号登录服务器</li>
<li>地图服务器之间可以方便的通过 <code>Netty</code> 进行高性能的通信</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>大数据领域<ul>
<li>经典的 <code>Hadoop</code>的高性能通信和序列化组件<code>Avro</code> 的 <code>RPC</code> 框架，默认采用 <code>Netty</code> 进行跨界点通信</li>
<li>它的 <code>Netty Service</code> 基于 <code>Netty</code> 框架二次封装实现。</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="2-Java-IO模型"><a href="#2-Java-IO模型" class="headerlink" title="2. Java IO模型"></a>2. Java IO模型</h2><ul>
<li><code>I/O</code> 模型简单的理解：就是用什么样的通道进行数据的发送和接收，很大程度上决定了程序通信的性能</li>
<li><code>Java</code>共支持3种网络编程模型IO模式：<code>BIO、NIO、AIO</code><ul>
<li><code>Java BIO</code> ： 同步并阻塞(<strong>传统阻塞型</strong>)，服务器实现模式为一个连接一个线程，即客户端有连接请求时服务器端就需要启动一个线程进行处理，如果这个连接不做任何事情会造成不必要的线程开销</li>
<li><code>Java NIO</code>： 同步非阻塞，服务器实现模式为一个线程处理多个请求(连接)，即客户端发送的连接请求都会注册到多路复用器上，多路复用器轮询到连接有I/O请求就进行处理 </li>
<li><code>Java AIO(NIO.2)</code> ： <strong>异步非阻塞</strong>，<code>AIO</code> 引入异步通道的概念，采用了 <code>Proactor</code> 模式，简化了程序编写，有效的请求才启动线程，它的特点是先由操作系统完成后才通知服务端程序启动线程去处理，一般适用于连接数较多且连接时间较长的应用</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="3-BIO-简单实战"><a href="#3-BIO-简单实战" class="headerlink" title="3. BIO 简单实战"></a>3. BIO 简单实战</h2><h3 id="3-1-流程概述"><a href="#3-1-流程概述" class="headerlink" title="3.1 流程概述"></a>3.1 流程概述</h3><ul>
<li>服务端启动一个<code>ServerSocket</code></li>
<li>客户端启动<code>Socket</code>对服务器进行通信，默认情况下服务器端需要对每个客户 建立一个线程与之通讯</li>
<li>客户端发出请求后, 先咨询服务器是否有线程响应，如果没有则会等待，或者被拒绝</li>
<li>如果有响应，客户端线程会等待请求结束后，在继续执行</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="http://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20201002/110804813.png" alt="mark"></p>
<h3 id="3-2-应用实例"><a href="#3-2-应用实例" class="headerlink" title="3.2 应用实例"></a>3.2 应用实例</h3><ul>
<li>使用<code>BIO</code>模型编写一个服务器端，监听<code>6666</code>端口，当有客户端连接时，就启动一个线程与之通讯。</li>
<li>要求使用线程池机制改善，可以连接多个客户端.</li>
<li>服务器端可以接收客户端发送的数据(通过<code>cmd</code>的<code>telnet</code> 方式即可)。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">BIOServer</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> IOException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//1、创建一个线程池</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//2、如果有客户端连接，就创建一个线程，与之通讯（单独写一个方法）</span></span><br><span class="line">        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//创建ServerSocket</span></span><br><span class="line">        ServerSocket serverSocket = <span class="keyword">new</span> ServerSocket(<span class="number">6666</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">"服务器启动了"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="keyword">true</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"线程信息：id= "</span>+ Thread.currentThread().getId() + <span class="string">"; 线程名字："</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName());</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//监听，等待客户端连接</span></span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"等待连接"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">final</span> Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"连接到一个客户端"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//创建一个线程，与之通讯</span></span><br><span class="line">            executorService.execute(() -&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="comment">//重写Runnable方法，与客户端进行通讯</span></span><br><span class="line">                handler(socket);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//编写一个Handler方法，和客户端通讯</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">handler</span><span class="params">(Socket socket)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"线程信息：id= "</span>+ Thread.currentThread().getId() + <span class="string">"; 线程名字："</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName());</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">byte</span>[] bytes = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="keyword">byte</span>[<span class="number">1024</span>];</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//通过socket获取输入流</span></span><br><span class="line">            InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">//循环的读取客户端发送的数据</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">while</span> (<span class="keyword">true</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">"线程信息：id= "</span>+ Thread.currentThread().getId() + <span class="string">"; 线程名字："</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName());</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(<span class="string">"read...."</span>);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">int</span> read = inputStream.read(bytes);</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="keyword">if</span> (read != -<span class="number">1</span>)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    System.out.println(<span class="keyword">new</span> String(bytes, <span class="number">0</span>, read));<span class="comment">//输出客户端发送的数据</span></span><br><span class="line">                &#125; <span class="keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    <span class="keyword">break</span>;</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="keyword">finally</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            System.out.println(<span class="string">"关闭和client的连接"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                socket.close();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="keyword">catch</span> (IOException e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="3-3-BIO-问题分析"><a href="#3-3-BIO-问题分析" class="headerlink" title="3.3 BIO 问题分析"></a>3.3 BIO 问题分析</h3><ul>
<li>每个请求都需要创建独立的线程，与对应的客户端进行数据 <code>Read</code>，业务处理，数据 <code>Write</code> 。</li>
<li>当并发数较大时，需要<strong>创建大量线程来处理连接</strong>，系统资源占用较大。</li>
<li>连接建立后，如果当前线程暂时没有数据可读，则线程就阻塞在 <code>Read</code> 操作上，造成线程资源浪费</li>
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